Incoterms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
## DDP - Delivered Duty Paid
Seller does EVERYTHING — shipping, customs, taxes, import duties.  
Buyer just receives the goods at their door.

## EXW - Ex Works
The buyer does almost everything. Seller just makes the goods available at the warehouse. Loading, transport, export are all paid for and arranged by the buyer.

## CIF - Cost Insurance and Freight
Same as CFR **but seller also pays for insurance**.
> *Seller pays for shipping **up to the destination port**,*  
   *BUT risk transfers **when the goods are loaded onto the ship**.*

## CPT - Carriage Paid To
Seller pays transport **to an agreed destination**,  
BUT buyer takes risk once goods are handed to first carrier.

## CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid To
Same as CPT but **seller also pays insurance**.

## FOB - Free On Board
Seller loads goods _onto the ship_.  
After it’s on board → **buyer takes responsibility**.

## FAS - Free Alongside Ship
Seller brings goods **to the port** and places them _next to the ship_.  
Buyer handles loading + everything after.

## FCA - Free Carrier
Seller delivers goods to a carrier chosen by the _buyer_ at an agreed place.  
From there on, the buyer pays and is responsible.

## CFR - Cost and Freight
Seller pays for shipping **up to the destination port**,  
BUT risk transfers **when the goods are loaded onto the ship**.

![[Incoterms-2025.png]]